How did the northern colonies make their money

Bridgeport, N. Indeed, this was also how merchants generally handled intercolonial exchange transactions McCusker, , p. The system was amended in and to require rated commodities to be delivered to government warehouses and be judged of acceptable quality at which point warehouse certificates were issued to the value of the goods at mandated, not market prices : these certificates were a legal tender Bullock, , pp. One of the principle observations Smith b, p. The issue has been clouded, however, by the existence of many contradictory and internally inconsistent estimates in the literature. Throughout the seventeenth century, colonists further south in Virginia and North Carolina employed tobacco leaves as commodity money. The price data leave much to be desired, and the inflation estimates should be understood as simply a crude characterization.

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This is Rich Kleinfeldt. Slavery is one person controlling or owning. Some history experts mooney it began following the development of farming about ten thousand years ago. People forced prisoners of war to work for. Other slaves were criminals or people who could not re-pay money they owed.

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It was those colonies that came together to form the United States. Sixteenth-century England was a tumultuous place. This led to a food shortage; at the same time, many agricultural workers lost their jobs. The 16th century was also the age of mercantilism, an extremely competitive economic philosophy that pushed European nations to acquire as many colonies as they could. As a result, for the most part, the English colonies in North America were business ventures.

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This is Rich Kleinfeldt. Slavery is one person controlling or owning. Some history experts ths it began following the development of farming about ten thousand years ago. People forced prisoners of colnies to work for colonise. Other slaves were criminals or people who could not re-pay money they owed. Experts volonies the first known slaves existed in the Sumerian society of what is now Iraq more than five thousand years ago.

It expanded as trade and industry increased. This increase created a demand for a labor force to produce goods for export. Slaves did most of the work. Most ancient people thought of slavery as a natural condition that could happen to anyone at any time. Few saw it as evil or unfair. In most cities, slaves could be freed by their owners and become citizens. In later times, slaves provided the labor needed to produce products that were in demand.

Sugar was one of these products. Italians established large sugar farms beginning around the twelfth tthe. They used slaves from Russia and other parts of Europe to do the work.

By northrrn yearAfrican blacks had begun to replace the Northetn slaves. They were bought or captured from North African Arabs, who used them as slaves for years. By the s, Spain and Portugal had American colonies. The Europeans made native Indians work in large farms and mines in the colonies. Most of the Indians died from European diseases and poor treatment. So the Spanish and Portuguese began to bring in people from West Africa coloonies slaves. France, Uow and the Netherlands did the same in their American colonies.

England’s southern colonies in North America developed a farm economy that could not survive without slave labor. Many slaves lived on large farms called plantations. These large farms produced important crops traded by the colony, crops such as cotton and tobacco. Each plantation was like a small village owned by one family. That family lived in northhern large house, usually facing a river. Many separate buildings were needed on a plantation. For example, a building was needed for cooking.

And hiw were needed for workers to produce goods such as furniture that were used on the plantation. The plantation business was farming. So there also were barns for animals and buildings for holding and drying crops. There was a house to northernn meat so could be kept safely.

And there was a place on the river from which goods were sent to England on ships. The plantation owner controlled the farm and saw that it earned money.

He supervised, fed and clothed the people living on it, including the slaves. Big plantations might have nortjern hundred slaves. They worked in the fields on crops that would be sold or eaten by div people who lived on the plantation. They also raised animals for meat and milk.

Field slaves worked very long and hard. They worked each day from the time the sun rose until it set. Many of these slaves lived in extremely poor conditions in small houses with no heat or furniture. Sometimes, five or ten people lived together in one room. House slaves usually lived in the owner’s house. They did the cooking and cleaning in the house. House slaves worked fewer hours than field slaves, but were more closely supervised by the owner and his die.

Laws approved in the southern colonies made it illegal for slaves to marry, own property or earn their freedom. These laws also did northegn permit slaves to be educated, or even to learn to read. But some owners permitted their slaves to earn their freedom, or gave them money for good work. Other owners punished slaves to get them to work. These punishments included beatings, withholding food and threatening diid sell members of a slave’s family.

Some plantation owners executed slaves suspected of serious crimes by hanging them or burning them alive. History experts say that people who were rich enough to own many slaves became leaders in their local areas. They were members of the local governments. They attended meetings of the legislatures div the capitals of their colonies usually two times a year.

Slave owners had the time and the education to greatly influence political life in the southern colonies, because the hard work on their farms was done by slaves. Today, most people in the world condemn slavery. That was not true in the early years folonies the American nation. Many Americans thought slavery was evil, but necessary. Yet owning slaves was common among the richer people in the early s.

Many of the leaders in the colonies who fought for American independence owned slaves. This was true in the northern colonies as well as the southern ones. One example is the famous American diplomat, inventor and businessman Benjamin Franklin. He owned slaves for thirty years and sold them at his how did the northern colonies make their money store. But his ideas about slavery changed during his long life. Benjamin Franklin started the first schools to teach blacks and later argued for their freedom.

Slavery did thd become a force in the northern colonies mainly because of economic reasons. Cold weather and thf soil could not support such a farm economy as was found in the South. As a result, the North came to depend on manufacturing norfhern trade. Trade was thwir way colonists got the English goods they needed. It was also the way to earn money by selling products found in the New World.

New England became a center for such trade across the seas. The people who lived there became shipbuilders so they could send the products mske England.

They used local wood to build the ships. They also sold wood and wood products. They became businessmen carrying goods around the world. The New England shipbuilding towns near the Atlantic Ocean grew quickly as a result. The largest of these towns was Boston, Massachusetts. Byit had more than ten thousand people. Only two towns in England were larger: London and Bristol.

More than twenty-five percent of the men in Boston had invested in shipping or worked in it. Ship captains and businessmen held most of the public offices. The American colonies traded goods such as whale oil, ginger, iron, wood, and rum, an alcoholic drink made from sugarcane.

Ships carried these goods from the New England colonies to Africa. There, they were traded for African people. The Africans had been captured by enemy tribesmen and sold to African slave traders. The New England boat captains would buy as many as they could put on their ships. The conditions on these ships were very cruel.

The Africans were put in so tightly they could hardly. Some were chained. Many killed themselves rather than live under such conditions. Others died of sicknesses they developed on the ship. Yet many did survive the trip, and became slaves in the southern colonies, or in the Caribbean islands.

Black slaves were needed to work on Caribbean sugar plantations. The southern American colonies needed them to work on the tobacco and rice plantations. Byalmost twenty-five percent of the total number of people in the American colonies were black slaves. From the s to the s, Europeans sent about twelve million black slaves from Africa to America. Almost two million of them died on the way.

13 Colonies: Comparing Regions New England, Middle, and Southern

English Colonial Expansion

Andrew, A. Plymouth Colony In Septemberduring the reign of King James I, a group of around English men and women—many of them members of the English Separatist Church later known to history as the Pilgrims—set sail for noney New World aboard the Mayflower. Garfield and Chester A. Newman and Richard G. This Day In History. This bank has been largely overlooked, but is well documented.